Neuroimmune interactions

Neuroimmune interactions refer to the dynamic and bidirectional communication between the nervous and immune systems. These interactions play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, responding to injury or infection, and influencing behavior and mental health. Dysregulation of neuroimmune signaling is implicated in a wide range of neurological, psychiatric, and systemic diseases.

Key Components of Neuroimmune Interactions:

Immune Cells in the Central Nervous System (CNS)

Although the CNS is considered an "immune-privileged" site, various immune cells are active in maintaining brain health:

  1. Microglia:
    • Resident immune cells of the CNS.
    • Regulate synaptic pruning, inflammation, and phagocytosis.
  2. Astrocytes:
    • Release cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors to mediate neuroimmune responses.
  3. Peripheral Immune Cells:
    • T cells, B cells, and macrophages can infiltrate the CNS in pathological conditions (e.g., multiple sclerosis, neuroinfections).
  4. Endothelial Cells:
    • Part of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), they regulate immune cell trafficking into the CNS

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