11^th World Congress on Neurology and Therapeutics March 27-29, 2017 Madrid, Spain

Biography:

David E Vance is a Psychologist at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and is studying cognitive remediation and aging with HIV. He has +180 peer-reviewed publi­cations. He received a White House invitation to attend the first forum on aging with HIV and has participated as an invited member of the USA National Institutes of Health Think Tank – Working Group on HIV and Aging. Recently, he was awarded a 2.8 million dollar grant from the USA National Institute of Mental Health titled, “An RCT of Speed of Processing Training in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with HIV.”

Abstract:

As we witness an historic global aging of the population, the public health issues surrounding age-related cognitive declines mount, especially in lieu of diseases and comorbidities that accentuate or accelerate such age-related declines. As clinicians and researchers, an understanding of these gradual age-related cognitive declines is helpful in educating patients and the population how to prevent or abate such declines by bolstering cognitive reserve across the lifespan, beginning from birth until death. In this keynote address, examples of behavioral engagement (e.g., physical activity, education, employment) and its association with sustained cognitive functioning in middle-aged and older adults are provided within the context of cognitive reserve and positive/negative neuroplasticity. Although still controversial, highlighted is the emerging role of brain fitness programs such as computerized brain training software that utilize specially designed exercises to target improvement in specific cognitive domains (e.g., speed of processing). Studied in a variety of clinical settings, such brain fitness programs are combined with other novel approaches, such as transcranial direct current stimulation, in an attempt to increase cognitive reserve and cognitive functioning. Examples from the gerontological, cancer, and HIV literatures are reviewed along with general recommendations for practice and research.

Biography:

Vahe Poghosyan received his MSc in Mathematics (1997) from Yerevan State University and PhD in Neurophysiology (2000) from National Academy of Sciences of Armenia. He held positions of Research Scientist in RIKEN Brain Science Institute in Japan (2000-2007), and Senior Scientist (2007-2016) and Director of Research Training Program (2011-2016) at AAI Scientific Cultural Services Ltd. in Cyprus. Currently, he is the Head of MEG Laboratory and Consultant Neuronavigation at King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, KSA.

Abstract:

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a state-of-the-art, completely non-invasive functional neuroimaging technique that measures the minute magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain. The first MEG measurements, including abnormal waveforms in a patient with epilepsy, were performed in 1972. However, only in the past two decades, with the development of commercial whole-head systems, as well as related methodologies and procedures, MEG sufficiently matured to be used in routine clinical applications. Currently, whole-head MEG systems with high number of sensors (~300) are regularly used in clinical practice and basic neuroscience research with great success. MEG positively stands out among other neuroimaging and neurophysiology techniques by providing high spatiotemporal accuracy and resolution. At present, MEG is the only non-invasive functional neuroimaging technique to offer both, high spatial (2-5 mm) and temporal (<1 ms) resolution. Thus, its main advantage over EEG is the ability to accurately localize brain sources of neurophysiological signals. MEG’s advantage over the more common neuroimaging techniques, such as fMRI and PET, is its high temporal resolution. As such, MEG has wide ranging applications in neurology. Currently, its primary application is in pre-surgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy, brain tumors and vascular malformations, where MEG is used to estimate the loci of epileptogenic zones, and localize the eloquent cortex. It is also used to identify the brain mechanisms and clinical biomarkers for various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this presentation, I will introduce the key applications of MEG in neurology, its potential, and the most recent advances and important findings.

Biography:

Evelyn Garcia completed her M.D. at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology residency at the University of New Mexico Medical Center, and Body Imaging fellowship at the University of Utah Medical Center. She is board certifi ed in Diagnostic Radiology and Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. She is the Chairman and Medical Director of Radiology at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and of Carilion Clinic, a six hospital system with 800 bed fl agship Level I Trauma and Stroke certifi ed center. She is imager for the structural heart valve team of Carilion Clinic.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: The graying of populations across the globe is associated with increasing rates of structural heart disease and cardioembolic stroke. Aortic stenosis is the most prevalent cardiac valvular disease in the Western world. Thirty percent of aortic stenosis patients are not surgical candidates. Stroke is the 4th leading cause of death in the Unites States and 2nd leading cause of death in the EU and Europe. Twenty percent of patients have cardiogenic sources of emboli with 50% of those related to non-valvular atrial fibrillation with greater than 90% of thrombi originating in the left atrial appendage. Greater than 55% of patients with first time stroke and known non-valvular atrial fibrillation were on anticoagulation therapy, 68% found to be subclinical. Percutaneous procedures have been developed for each of these conditions with multiple device options and variable routes of deployment. However, the major complication associated with these procedures is embolic stroke.

Data to be Presented: Review of incidence of clinical vs non-clinical cerebral events associated with left atrial appendage closure and transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedures, structural risk factors, and imaging for procedure planning will be presented. Current data of cerebral protective devices will be reviewed.

Conclusion & Significance: Percutaneous procedures for treatment of atrial fibrillation and aortic stenosis are non-inferior to medical therapy and surgical therapy, respectively. Cardioembolic complications remain the major complication associated with these procedures. Embolic protection devices are promising for mitigation of embolic cerebral events in these two patient populations.

Biography:

Abstract:

Introduction: The typical antipsychotic drug (APD) haloperidol (HAL), a D2 receptor antagonist, has been shown to impede functional outcome after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, the deleterious effects persist for up to 3 months after drug withdrawal. Moreover, a recent study showed that HAL reduced the effectiveness of environmental enrichment (EE), a preclinical model of neurorehabilitation. Because agitation is common after TBI, patients are provided APDs so that they can be safely managed. However, many patients in rehabilitation will only experience agitation occasionally and thus will receive APDs intermittently.

Hypotheses: Aripiprazole (ARIP), a partial D2 receptor agonist, will not impair recovery or reduce the effectiveness of EE regardless of whether administered once every day (i.e., chronic agitation) or once every other day (occasional agitation).

Methods: Anesthetized adult male rats received a cortical impact of moderate severity or sham injury and were then randomly assigned to EE or standard (STD) housing. Treatments with ARIP (0.1 mg/kg; i.p.) or vehicle (VEH; 1.0 mL/kg; i.p.) began 24 hr after injury and continued once daily for 19 days, or once every other day for the same period. Motor and cognitive outcome were assessed on post-operative days 1-5 and 14-19, respectively.

Results: Motor and cognitive function was significantly improved in the TBI+EE+VEH vs. TBI+STD+VEH group (p<0.05). Moreover, the TBI+EE+ARIP groups, regardless of dosing regimen, performed significantly better on all endpoints relative to the TBI+STD+VEH controls (p<0.05), but did not differ from one another or from TBI+EE+VEH (p>0.05).

Conclusions: ARIP, unlike HAL, did not impair recovery or reduce the efficacy of EE, which supports the hypothesis.

Significance: ARIP is beneficial on its own and does not negate the benefits of rehabilitation (i.e., EE) and thus may be used to control TBI-induced agitation and aggression without compromising recovery.

Biography:

Zoi A Giavri studied Electrical & Computer Engineering with an expertise in Computational Neuroscience at National Technical University of Athens and Neurobiology at Medical School of Athens. She is the CEO and one of the Founders of Advantis Medical Imaging, a Dutch company that develops highly advanced web-based software for the post-processing of brain MRI diffusion, perfusion and functional MRI exams

Abstract:

Neuropathological studies support the presence of hippocampal alterations in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), even when frank dementia is not present. These changes also involve Perforant Pathway Zone (PPZ), are more pronounced in later disease neuropathological stages and may partially explain the heterogeneity of patients’ memory profile (traditionally related to frontal-related dysfunction). We aimed to investigate structural changes in vivo in memory-related white matter (WM) tracts [i.e. perforant pathway zone (PPZ); uncinate fasciculus (UF); fornix (Fx)] using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) in non-demented patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Forty-two ALS patients and 25 healthy controls (HC) underwent a 30-directional diffusion-weighted imaging on a 3T MR scanner, followed by tractography of PPZ, UF and Fx and analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA), axial and radial diffusivity (Da, Dr). After correcting for multiple comparisons, DTT statistical analyses revealed significant between-group differences on Dr for left PPZ (p=0.002). Differences corresponding to medium effect sizes (and of nominal, Bonferroni-unadjusted significance) were detected on FA and Da for left PPZ, Da and Dr for left UF, Da for right UF and all Fx DTT metrics. Advanced neuroimaging techniques verified in this study previously reported neuropathological findings regarding PPZ degeneration in ALS.

Biography:

Saba Nia received her Medical Degree in 2005 from the Medical University in Vienna, Austria. She began her Clinical career in the field of Psychiatry in Austria and Germany. After receiving her board certification in Psychiatry in 2011, she continued her training in the field of Neurology in Vienna, which she concluded in 2014. She is specialized in Rare Metabolic Diseases in the Neuropsychiatric field and has organized several congresses featuring neuropsychiatric symptoms in treatable inborn errors of metabolism. Her interests include movement disorders, organic psychosis and dementia in young adults.

Abstract:

Possible underlying organic causes of psychiatric symptoms can be overlooked in the clinical setting. It is important to increase awareness amongst psychiatric and neurological professionals with regard to certain inborn errors of metabolism as, in some cases, disease-specific therapies are available that can, for instance, treat underlying metabolic causes. The following talk describes the basic pathophysiology, clinical and neurological features, and available diagnostic procedures of six treatable metabolic diseases that are associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms: Wilson’s disease, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, porphyrias, homocysteinemia, urea cycle disorders, and Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C). NP-C is taken as a particularly relevant example because, while it is traditionally considered to be a condition that presents with severe neurological and systemic manifestations in children, an increasing number of patients are being detected who have the adolescent- or adult-onset form, which is frequently associated with neuropsychiatric signs. A notable proportion of adult-onset cases have been reported where NP-C has mistakenly been diagnosed and treated as a psychiatric condition usually based on patients’ initial presentation with psychotic or schizophrenia-like symptoms. Underlying organic causes of psychiatric disorders such as psychosis should be considered among patients with atypical symptoms and/or resistance to standard therapy. Alongside improved frameworks for additional multidisciplinary diagnostic work in patients with suspected organic disease, the development of convenient and affordable biochemical screening and/or diagnostic methods has enabled new ways to narrow down differential diagnoses

Biography:

Joaquin Carneado-Ruiz is currently working at Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Madrid as a Neurologist/Medical Doctor, (Spain). He is the Director of Stroke Unit and Coordinator of Neurosonology Laboratory and Acute Stroke treatment. Education and Training: Neurologist Medical Doctor HU Puerta de Hierro. . Fellowship in Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurosonology., (Spain) StrokeUnit. HU Clínico San Carlos. Madrid. 1999-2000. University of California Los Angeles Medical Center. Neu­rologyDepartment. StrokeUnit. , (UnitedStates) visitingStrokeFellowship. Feb-2000 to Jun-2000. Doctoral Thesis. 2002-2004Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the ischemic stroke endovascular treatment efficacy and security with its time of development.

Patients/Methods: It is an observational study with a transversal design. The endovascular treatment for the embolic ischemic stroke in Madrid Community is coordinated by six Stroke Centers. These results are related to the University Hospital Puerta de Hierro (HUPH) treated patients. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are those recommended in international clinical guides, approved too by the Madrid`s Stroke working group. We describe results of patients treated between October 2013 and February 2016. We analyze the efficacy and security variables along different periods of time during the treatment development.

Results: Total number of patients taken for the study is 90. We divided the study population into three similar groups (tertiles) according to the treatment date. The following outcomes were observed: Age (mean): 64.78, Standard deviation (SD): 14.48. Female gender: 35 (38.90%). NIHSS median (IQ 1-3): 18(16-22); Time from onset to angiography (arterial puncture): 270 min (200-330 min); Arterial Recanalization TICI 2b/3 63(70%); Rankin 0-2; 7 day: 41(45.60%); Mortality 7 day: 13(14.44%) Hemorrhagic transformation: PH2 5 (5.6%). We found significant statistically difference for the recanalization grade (TICI), considering five grades (p=0.003), or between two categories (2b/3) (p=0.041).

Conclusions: We demonstrate efficacy and security for the endovascular ischemic stroke treatment. We demonstrate an improvement in the arterial recanalization grade with the time of treatment development.

Biography:

 Ana Frances is an Associated Editor of International Journal of Psychology and Neuroscience. She is an Assistant Professor at Valencia University. She is a Cytokines specialist and studied about IL-1 in the reproductive system in implantation and female patients with multiple sclerosis. She did her Master’s in Preimplantatory Diagnosis (PDG) from Barcelona University. She has several publications in journals such as JCEM, Fertility and Sterility, Journal of Reproductive Immunology, Human Reproduction, and Endocrinology. She has got three academic awards from Society for Gynecological Investigation and American Society for Reproductive Immunology. She has several chapter books in Oxford University Press and Editorial Médica Panamericana. She is the Laboratory Director of Hospital Joan XXIII - Ob/Gyn Dept.

Abstract:

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration. The concept that sex hormones may play a role in MS pathogenesis and disease activity is based on two well-established clinical observations: a higher prevalence of MS in females compared to males and a decrease in disease activity during pregnancy, in particular, in the third trimester. In the literature, studies demonstrate significant differences between female and male brain, at molecular and cellular levels as well as its structure. All these features have been called Dimorphism (two forms in the same specie). The Sry gene (sex determining region of the Y chromosome) is responsible of sexual differentiation of the brain and is originated from work on the hypothalamus once the fetal testes have been formed, releasing 17 β-estradiol. IL-1 gene family has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), where IL-1α and IL-1β has been found in MS lesions, as well as increased serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Estrogens act as protective hormones in neurons, in several models of neurodegeneration, including disorders caused by excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. It is relevant to notice the communication between nervous, endocrine and immune systems. The principal link between the endocrine system and CNS is the hypothalamic– pituitary–adrenal gland (HPA) axis.

Biography:

Xinyan Gao has completed her PhD from China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), and Postdoctoral studies from Baptist University of Hongkong in 2009. She is the Director of Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture. She has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member for several peer reviewed journals.

Abstract:

Mast cell-microglia crosstalk in dorsal horn, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and peripheral and central ATP participation pain modulation. Mast cell tryptase cleavage of proteinase receptor 2 (PAR2) is activated in microglial cells during neuorpathic pain, which induces microglia P2X4 receptor up-regulation and BDNF releasing. Increasing recent evidence has revealed that spinal dorsal horn microglia has an intimate relationship with Electro Acupuncture (EA) analgesia. One of the objectives is to explore whether EA has a neuroprotective effect on microglial activation and microglia-mast cell crosstalk, induced by neuropathic pain in the dorsal horn and DRG in chronic constriction injury(CCI) rats. In addition, there were also reports on local increase of adenosine in human subjects and mice during EA analgesia, and adenosine subtype A1 receptor antagonist, reduced this effect. The other objective is to check caffeine intake, a nonselective antagonist of adenosine may reduce the EA analgesia effect. CCI neuropathic pain model were made on adult male Sprague-Dawley. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was detected pre-EA and post EA. The expression of microglia receptors in spinal dorsal horn and in the DRG were measured by immunofluorescence. C fiber reflex, nociceptive stimulus evoked myoelectricity performance. PWTs in CCI rats were significantly reduced in ipsilateral paws compared to contralateral paws and were increased significantly after EA. Microglia-mast cell crosstalk related receptor expressions were up-regulated after peripheral nerve injury. The expressions of above receptors are decreased after EA intervention. Caffeine intake hinders decrease of C fiber reflex EMG induced by EA.

Biography:

Abstract:

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating childhood motor neuron disease caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1). SMN1 and SMN2 are nearly identical genes producing the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMN protein plays a crucial role in mRNA splicing and β-actin mRNA transport along the axons. In SMA, the mutation leads to the loss of SMN1, which cannot be fully compensated by the SMN2 gene, which predominantly produces a truncated protein. The loss or reduction of SMN protein leads to motor axonal defects and motor neuron cell death. There are currently no treatments available but therapies have focused on increasing SMN through replacing SMN1 or increasing full length SMN from SMN2. The actin-binding protein Plastin 3 (PLS3) has been reported as a modifier for SMA, making it a potential therapeutic target. Recently, it was shown that the overexpression of the PLS3 gene improved axonal outgrowth in SMN- deficient motor neurons of SMA Zebra fish and cultured motor neurons from mouse embryos. Gene therapy using viral vectors was carried out in vitro and in vivo to assess whether the overexpression of PLS3 could rescue neuronal loss in SMA and be developed as a therapy. The SMN☐7 mouse model produces low levels of SMN, modelling severe SMA disease with an average lifespan of 12 days and loss of motor neurons. This study has established that the SMNΔ7 mice have little or no detectable PLS3 from birth, making it a good model for developing PLS3 gene therapy. Lentiviral vectors were able to upregulate PLS3 expression in different cell lines. Transduction of NSC34 cells with LV-PLS3 vector led to a five-fold increase in expression of PLS3 compared to controls. In smn-deficient MNs, expression of PLS3 restored axonal length and showed a strong neuroprotective effect. Pre-clinical in vivo proof-of-concept studies using adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) encoding PLS3 in SMNΔ7 mice showed high transduction efficiency and overexpression of PLS3 specifically targeted to neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). This led to a small but significant increase of lifespan by 54%. However, PLS3 was not able to prevent disease onset. Although there was no improvement of phenotype, this study has demonstrated the potential use of PLS3 as a target for gene therapy, possibly in conjunction with other modulators of disease.

Biography:

Abstract:

Synopsis: We report a case of a 53-year-old male, newly diagnosed with hypertension, presented with left-sided body weakness and numbness and decreased verbal output. Over 10 days, patient had been experiencing intermittent rotatory dizziness, no history of trauma nor loss of consciousness. After presentation, patient became quadriplegic, anarthric and presented an initial period of coma, requiring intubation and ventilatory assistance. He was started on a neuroprotectant, low molecular weight heparin, antiplatelet, antidyslipidemiac agent, oral antihypertensive agent on day of admission. Early intensive rehabilitation and family counselling were done. While admitted, patient developed ventilator acquired pneumonia and eventually expired on his 30th day of hospitalization.

Clinical Presentation: Patient is M.B. 53 year old male, Filipino, right handed, presented with left-sided body weakness and numbness. 10 days prior to admission, patient experienced intermittent rotatory dizziness with slurring of speech relieved by rest. One day prior to admission, with recurrence of dizziness, still with slurred speech, he sought consult in a private Clinic with BP of 190/100, diagnosed with BPPV and Hypertension Stage II, given medications. 5 hours prior to admission, patient complained of left-sided body numbness with weakness and was noted to have decreased verbal output but can comprehend and follow some commands. He sought consult and subsequently admitted. Patient is recently diagnosed with Hypertension Stage II, prostatic enlargement on Tamsulosin 200mcg, 1 tab OD. Patient's father has hypertension, siblings has Type 2 DM and heart disease on maternal side. He was nonsmoker, occasional alcoholic beverage drinker, denies illicit drug use. He was a retired seaman residing in USA, and a volunteer employee at Home of Aged in USA.

Physical Findings: At time of examination, patient was awake, conscious, coherent , not in distress with vital signs as follows: BP 170/90 (MAP 117 mmHg), HR 62 beats per minute, RR 20 cycles per minute, afebrile at 37degrees with 02 saturation of 98%. He was average built male, weigh 75kg, BMI 27.5 kg/m2. On neurological examination, GCS 11 (E4V2M5), NIHS Score of 19, 2-3 mm pupils sluggishly reactive to light, AVR ratio 2:3, no signs of hypertensive retinopathy, preferential gaze to right with full extraocular muscle movement, left central facial palsy, bilateral weak gag reflex, cannot shrug left shoulder because of left sided weakness, left hemiplegia of 2/5 upper and 1/5 lower extrimities. With the same degree of painful stimulation, there is a delay in the response over the left upper and lower extemities.

Laboratory Work-up: CBC, electrolytes, kidney and liver functions tests, chest xray, urinalysis and KUB with Prostate Ultrasounds were normal. Plain Cranial CT showed chronic infarct, right subinsular region with mild microvascular ischemic disease and atherosclerotic intracranial vessel disease. Cranial MRI showed acute to subacute infarct at anterior two-thirds of the pons, chronic infarct at periphery of the left pons and right lentiform nucleus; atherosclerrotic internal carotid arteries; occlusion or very slow flow in the distal vertebral arteries and proximal basilar artery. Transcranial doppler ultrasound was normal. Carotid Duplex Scan showed <50% stenosis at right common carotid artery, 50-59% stenosis right internal carotid artery, <50% (1-15%) stenosis left internal carotid artery, indicative of a more distal occlusive in the posterior circulation. Echocardiography showed mild to moderate aortic regurgitation and Grade 1 left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.

Diagnosis:Locked-In Syndrome; Hypertension Stage II; Ventilator Acquired Pneumonia

Treatment:Medical management started on neuroprotection, antiplatelet, low molecular weight heparin, maintaining an airway and adequate oxygenation via mechanical ventilator, tracheostomy and gastrostomy were done, early intensive rehabilitation, and family counselling.

Outcome :While admitted, patient developed ventilatory acquired pneumonia as caused of demise of patient.

Significance: Locked In Syndrome (LIS) is a rare neurological condition characterized by complete paralysis of voluntary muscles in all parts of the body except control of eye movement, preserved cognitive functioning and a primary code of communication that uses vertical eye movements or blinking. This condition leaves the individual completely mute and paralyzed. Prevalence is unknown. Their only means of communication is by blinking or vertical eye movements because of sparing of the midbrain tectum, which allows communication.

Recommendations:Locked-in syndrome present as a great challenge to internists, hence, thorough investigation is needed in arriving at diagnosis. Internists should do the complete neurological examination and assessment. To our knowledge, there is no known documented incidence in the local setting of Makati. It can be difficult to diagnose and it can be missed if voluntary vertical eye movement is not assessed. With the various new modalities to diagnose LIS, there now exists the possibility to unlock sufferers from this devastating neurological condition.

Biography:

Aimsamrarn P is a PhD candidate in Rehabilitation Science Program at the Khon Kaen University. He is working as a Pediatric Physical Therapist, and believes that using good assessment tools help him develop proper rehabilitation plan.

Abstract:

Introduction: Delayed motor development affects the quality of life of both children and their family members. An early detection allows a rehabilitation program to start sooner. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) is an observational assessment tool for measuring gross motor maturation. This scale is reliable and widely-used for clinical and research purposes in various countries.

Aim: This study aimed to translate the AIMS into Thai language and examine its reliability and validity.

Methodology: The cross-cultural translation and adaptation process were proceeded to obtain the AIMS Thai version. Three physical therapists were asked to participate. Two physical therapists evaluated the video recordings of 30 full-term Thai infants aged from birth to 18 months using the AIMS Thai version, and one physical therapist used the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development®, Third Edition (Bayley-III® Screening Test). The Cronbach’s alpha was used to estimate the internal consistency. The Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC (3,1)) was used to assess the inter-rater reliability with a 95% confidence interval. The correlations between the AIMS Thai version and Bayley-III® Screening Test were examined by the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.

Findings: The AIMS Thai version has high internal consistency with the Cronbach’s alpha of 0.994. The inter-rater reliability was satisfactory with the ICC of 0.989 (95% CI 0.977-0.955). The Spearman’s rank correlation was 0.986.

Conclusion: The AIMS Thai version demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties to assess the gross motor skills for Thai infants and toddlers